Title: A Case Example of Public Trust in Online Records: The UK care.data Programme (EU17)

Lead Researcher: Sue Childs

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The care.data programme is an initiative by the UK National Health Service (NHS). This programme, being undertaken in phases, will eventually collect and link together data from all health and social care settings, both hospital and community based, with the purpose of planning and monitoring services. When the care.data programme was announced in 2013 with plans to add the routine collection of data from general practitioner (GP) primary care practices many concerns were raised. Though GPs/primary care physicians had been providing aggregated data previously, the care.data programme will extract individual patient's personal and clinical data, i.e. NHS number, date of birth, postcode, gender and coded clinical information - identifiable personal and sensitive data. The concerns from GPs and other medical practitioners about consent and privacy quickly spread to the professional media and then to traditional mass media, online media and campaign groups. An additional concern was who would see this data, as HSCIC offers standard and bespoke data products to organisations inside and outside the NHS. The response of the government to these criticisms was also considered to be badly flawed. This study examines the care.data programme as a case study in lessons about professional and public trust in online records.

Title: Contemporary studies of Records Management and Internet Archives in Russia (EU23)

Lead Researcher: L.N. Varlamova, Yu. M. Kukarina, G.N. Lanskoy

Timeline: November 2015-June 2017

Abstract: The importance of this project for InterPARES Trust can be explained by current transformation of national scientific traditions in records management studies and electronic archiving according to the world scientific tradition. This project includes the themes concerning the studies of records management, archiving of electronic documents, standards and other normative and published sources, legal aspects of work with electronic documents and data bases in Russia.

Title: Ensuring Trustworthiness of the Agent of Public Trust in China (AS02)

Lead Researcher: Sherry Xie

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract:

Title: Implications of Open Government, Open Data, and Big Data on the Management of Digital Records in an Online Environment, The (NA08)

Lead Researcher: Jim Suderman, City of Toronto Archives

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The objective of this research is to clarify the concepts of "big data", "open data", and "open government" and to identify records-related issues in order to support the establishment of appropriate ITrust research projects to address the issues. The work will be carried out in two streams. The first stream will focus on the "terminology" (NA01) while the second will focus on the implications of the three themes on the management of digital records.

Title: Patents, Petitions and Trust – From Traditional to Online Environments (NA13)

Lead Researcher: Fiorella Foscarini, University of Toronto

Timeline: begins October 2013

Abstract: By studying patents from multiple perspectives and by means of different methodologies, the research will contribute to the improvement of the presentation of legal documents online and, more generally, will enhance understandings of trust. By applying concepts and methods derived from diplomatics and rhetorical genre studies, this project will analyze the complex web of interrelated records involved in the patent genre as well as the not-less-complex apparatus of laws, institutional rules, and social practices supporting it. In February 2015 this project was expanded to include research into petitions.

Title: Role of the Archivist and Records Manager in an Open Government Environment in Sweden, The (EU11)

Lead Researcher: Tove Engvall, Mid-Sweden University

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The main aim of the project is to consider the role of the archivist and records manager in the open government environment, in the context of new expectations and demands on access to public records, for example as open data. The study will seek to identify what is needed for a future profession, by drawing experiences from an existing project on open data using a case study. This project will focus on the situation in Sweden.

Title: Role of the Records Manager in an Open Government Environment in the UK, The (EU03)

Lead Researcher: University College London

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This project will examine the role of the records manager in an open government environment in the UK. It will seek to discover what the function of a records manager in the UK public sector currently is, and what it ought to be in future, in the new context of open government data and the proactive release of public sector information. It will examine the legislative and regulatory framework, and guidance literature or frameworks, if any, to guide recordkeepers in this role and to ensure that the information provided is authentic, reliable, trustworthy and not in breach of any sensitivity concerns.

Title: The Impact of Access to Trusted Digitised Archives of Indigenous Languages: Case Study of Te Reo Maori (AA08)

Lead Researcher: Gillian Oliver

Timeline: Approved

Abstract: Use and reuse of online archival collections is a contested issue. There are a range of cultural, social and legislative frameworks which often bring conflicting expectations to debates on what libraries, archives, museums should or should not allow to happen to the archival collections they manage. In recent years, the debates and tensions have shifted from questioning what is digitized and accessible via the online archive, to questions of who is doing what to online digitized archives, what impact is it having, and the responsibilities of the institution in mediating and protecting its role as trusted guardian of documentary heritage. This tension is heightened and more complex when applied to online access to and use of digital indigenous knowledge collections. In New Zealand, the National Library of New Zealand has led developments to digitize and provide access to taonga Maori1 and matauranga Maori (Maori knowledge) for some time. In recent years, the tension between the Library being seen as a trusted guardian and protector of taonga works and matauranga Maori, an enabler of free and open access and use of cultural heritage, and the promoter of the benefits and impacts of open digital archives, has created challenges for selling the value proposition of the Library as a trusted repository for indigenous knowledge. The project will consist of three stages: 1. A preliminary literature review of key concepts. 2. A survey of selected iwi (Maori tribal organisations) and educators to collect data relating to usage of Te Reo Maori online archives. 3. Further exploratory interviews with key users of Te Reo Maori online archives. New Zealand requires issues relating to Matauranga Maori to be addressed in partnership between the Crown and Maori. Therefore, the project team will include a reference group, to facilitate participation and advice Maori stakeholders.

Title: The role of the records manager / records management in an open government environment in the UK: the National Health Service (EU19)

Lead Researcher: Andrew Flinn and Elizabeth Shepherd

Timeline: October 2014 - October 2015

Abstract: As previous InterPARES Trust research projects in Team Europe and elsewhere have demonstrated on-going developments in open government data and access to public sector information suggests enlarged roles and responsibilities and new challenges for the public sector professionals responsible for delivering information and data to the public. Recordkeeping policy and the legislative and regulatory frameworks need to be clarified and the role of the recordkeeper in supporting access to public sector information needs to be examined. Building upon research already completed in 2014 at UCL (and by other partners), the main aim of the project will be to continue the consideration of the role of recordkeepers in the context of new obligations on UK government bodies towards open government, open government data and enabling greater access to public sector information to citizens. Whilst the first UCL InterPARES project and case study looked at these questions in a local government environment, this project will seek to describe existing practice in the health sector by developing a case study which will explore the enhanced role and skills needed by recordkeepers to fulfil their responsibilities in this environment. In doing this the research will also identify and analyse the legislative and regulatory framework relevant to the recordkeeper’s role in open government data in the public sector, with particular reference to the National Health Service.

Title: The role of the records manager / records management in an open government environment in the UK: the National Health Service 2 (Local Records) (EU27)

Lead Researcher: Jenny Bunn

Timeline: November 2015-November 2016

Abstract: The main aim of the project is to consider the role of the records manager and the recordkeeping function in the context of new obligations of public sector bodies towards open government, open data, the re-use of public sector information and more access for citizens to public data. The research will seek to establish a picture of existing practice in the field using a case study and consider the enhanced role and skills needed by records managers to play their full part in this environment. It will follow up from the research undertaken at a national policy level in NHS England (EU19) which reported in October 2015, by considering record-keeping at a local service level (eg hospital trust).

Title: The Role of the Records Manager in Open Government UK Higher Education (EU32)

Lead Researcher: Elizabeth Shepherd

Timeline: March 2016-November 2016

Abstract: Building upon research already completed in 2014 and 2015 at UCL (and by other partners), the main aim of the project will be to continue the consideration of the role of recordkeepers in the context of new obligations on UK government bodies towards open government, open government data and enabling greater access to public sector information to citizens. Whilst the first UCL InterPARES project and case study (EU03) looked at these questions in a local government environment, and the recent project considered existing policy and practice in the national health sector (EU19) this project will seek to develop a case study focused on university/higher education records, which will explore the enhanced role and skills needed by recordkeepers to fulfil their responsibilities in this environment. The final results will support a better understanding of the recordkeeping issues in the university sector in England associated with the development of records policies which take account of open government requirements. Thus the objective of this project will to be examine the role of the records manager in an open government environment in the UK higher education sector. The research will seek to establish: • How the current responsibilities of recordkeepers in UK higher education operate at a local institutional level and to what extent these functions are changing in the new context of open government data and the proactive release of public sector information. • what guidance if any is available to support record-keepers in universities and other higher education institutions in ensuring that the information they provide is authentic, reliable, trustworthy and not in breach of privacy, confidentiality and other requirements.

Title: Trusted online access to distributed holdings of digital public records (AA05)

Lead Researcher: Gillian Oliver

Timeline: Begin May 2015

Abstract: Public records institutions are busy implementing institutional repositories for preserving and providing access to digital records that are transferred to their custody. The overwhelming majority of public records, however, are never transferred to archival custody, but remain in the custody of their creating or controlling agencies – and often these records are required to be retained for many decades. In an era where open government and easy online access to public sector information is expected, do government archives have a leadership role to play in ensuring that access systems that are put in place for the holdings in their institutional repositories can be extended to encompass distributed holdings of digital public records in the custody of government agencies? This project will survey existing approaches to providing online access to distributed repositories of public sector information in digital form and identify best practices and the potential for public records institutions to play lead roles in the development and delivery of suitable systems and solutions. The study will also need to identify barriers to achieving successful outcomes in this area and assess alternative strategies for overcoming these barriers.

Title: Usability and Human-Computer Interaction of Electronic Document Management Systems (EU34)

Lead Researcher: Özgür Külcü

Timeline: May 2015-June 2016

Abstract: Electronic Document Management Systems are used in many public institutions for categorizing, archiving, enabling authorized access, and tracking documents via secure software architectures. EDMS’s criteria and standards are defined in TSE 13298 in Turkey but it should not be ignored that these system are used and administered by humans. There is thus interaction between humans and the computer when using software products. Qualitative and quantitative outputs of this interaction shows us if the software is user-friendly or not. Usability of EDMSs should be tested in terms of Human Computer Interaction before being used by users. The purpose of this study is to conduct a three-stage usability test to uncover the factors affecting the usability of EDMSs and expose suggestions to fix the problematic interface design elements. In addition, the EDMS system usability criteria in the results of this study will be published as a book that will be accessible to the software developers. Thus emphasizing the importance of EDMS usability will be an important step towards raising awareness and standardization of HCI. This study may be used also as a source for how to test the usability of an EDMS system.

Title: Analysis of the Interoperability Possibilities of Implemented Governmental e-Services (EU15)

Lead Researcher: Hrvoje Stancic

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This project (Phase II) is the continuation of the previous research EU09 ‘Comparative Analysis of Implemented Governmental e-Services’ (Phase I). The goal of the project is to provide an analysis of interoperability possibilities of selected implemented governmental e-Services.

Title: Arrangement and Description in the Cloud (NA22)

Lead Researcher: Giovanni Michetti

Timeline: July 2015-June 2016

Abstract: Arrangement and description are the two fundamental functions through which an archives is contextualized and authenticated, and made accessible to users. These functions are based upon a consolidated body of concepts and principles that is rooted in theories and methods developed from the 19th century, and has been subject since then to an ongoing process of revision by the scientific and professional community. This study assumes that the cloud is a peculiar digital environment that requires some tweaking of the traditional methods and practices of arranging and describing archival materials. Based on such a premise, this study aims at identifying the crucial factors that affect arrangement and description of archival documents in the cloud.

Title: Assessing Information Systems: A Template for Analysis (TR04)

Lead Researcher: Shadrack Katuu

Timeline: February 2015-July 2016

Abstract: The technology terrain has changed drastically over the last two decades and many institutions are increasingly using information systems that don’t easily fit the traditional labels of Enterprise Content Management or Enterprise Resource Planning systems. There are a several hundred information systems that have been developed over the years in order to assist one business activity or another. A few of these information systems are enterprise wide, a number cover several large administrative segments and yet others only a niche part of the institution. Additionally, the impact of social media functionality has further increased the complexity in the architecture and functionality of these systems. Records professionals require tools that are grounded in theory yet cognisant of the practical realities. It is necessary to document contextual information about these systems at various levels including mapping the lifecycle, significant milestones during this lifecycle, file formats of data produced during this process and expected end of lifecycle. This project will: a) Revisit the Template of Analysis developed by InterPARES 1, cognisant of any refinements that have happened since the year 2000 through projects such as those at the Central Bank of Mexico or City of Vancouver Archives. b) Develop a new Template of Analysis based on the previous edition cognisant of practical information from the institution (such as the categorisation of systems as being phased-out or current) as well as an understanding and translation of information security concepts (e.g. Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability triad) into “records professional speak”, and c) Revise the new Template of Analysis based on feedback from practical work carried out at the institution ensuring that the revision is informed by sound theoretical underpinnings yet remains practical to use.

Title: Calculus of Trust in Records, The-CANCELLED (NA02)

Lead Researcher: David Giaretta, APARSEN

Timeline: Cancelled

Abstract: An important question from the point of view of InterPARES Trust is how to derive, record, and present the authenticity of derived records along with that production. This study will identify a range of methods and limit cases for the evaluation of authenticity parameters based on authenticity parameters of inputs (F), examine the provenance issue, calculate how much metadata may be required to provide all of the relevant facts upon which calculation of authenticity of a record and associated claim (T) may be done, augment these results to deal with changes in parameters based on later evaluations of information, and will look at theories of measurement and calculation methods for a small number of case studies, presentation methods, symbologies, and the psychology of presentation and interpretation of trust labels.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Implemented Governmental e-Services (EU09)

Lead Researcher: Hvroje Stancic, Department of Information and Communication Sciences, University of Zagreb

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This project will undertake a comparative analysis of selected governmental electronic services offered through the Internet in Croatia and abroad to study all aspects which might be important for their implementation as trusted e-services (e.g. technology requirements, data and metadata models, years in operation, brief history etc.). In addition, the researchers will assess the degree to which the e-services accomplished what they had promised. The results will be compared to evaluate if there have been any discrepancies between the official information considering governmental e-services and reality. Finally, the project will analyze the plans of the Croatian government in relation to the future development of governmental e-services.

Title: Definition of the metadata required in the appraisal process to preserve the authenticity of website records (EU36)

Lead Researcher: Silvia Shenkolewski-Kroll and Assaf Tactinsky

Timeline: January 2017-December 2017

Abstract: This study constitutes Phase 3 of the investigation of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ website (Phase 1: EU01 and Phase 2: EU25). Beginning with a literature review of the metadata of digital records, with an emphasis on the records of websites, the researchers will integrate the findings of InterPARES 2 and 3 as well as InterPARES Trust NA16: Metadata, Mutatis Mutandis – Design Requirements for Authenticity in the Cloud and Across Contexts. Concurrently, the researchers will study the condition of the metadata on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' website, which will serve as our test case. The goal is to recommend the metadata necessary for appraisal and preservation of websites as a whole, as well as for its various parts.

Title: Development of an ontology of functional activities for archival systems (TR05)

Lead Researcher: Giovanni Michetti

Timeline: March 2015-October 2016

Abstract: The aim of this project is to create an ontology for environments in which current, semi-current and non-current records are managed as a whole in a coherent system. The ontology would facilitate the representation of the full functionalities in archival institutions, where the term archives is meant to cover the lifespan of records from creation to long term preservation.

Title: Digital Certificates in e-Government in China (AS09)

Lead Researcher: Linqing Ma

Timeline: February 2015 - December 2015

Abstract: Due to the lack of digital evidence law, and the insufficient of digital records awareness in society, government organizations in China generally tend to view paper-based records as official records, which results in that the use of digital records as trustworthy records has not made substantial progresses. The mistrust of digital records has seriously impeded online transactions in e-government, which in turn lead to companies and citizens’ dissatisfaction of e-government services. This study seeks to establish the concept of trustworthy digital certificate records; build the risk models of trustworthy digital certificate records in the digitally networked government environment; and make recommendations on how to minimize the associated risks.

Title: Email in Mexican Governmental Agencies-INAI (LA06)

Lead Researcher: Eduardo Bonilla

Timeline: September 2015-August 2017

Abstract: The relevance and usefulness of technical and practical research on the maintenance and preservation of institutional email will contribute both in the mid and long-term to access public government information. Some of the contents of email messages issued by public servants are records, so it is necessary to generate and apply regulatory provisions, to enforce preservation of institutional email messages and establish treatment advice regarding the information contained within; furthermore, the current provisions are neither specific nor mandatory, so it is necessary to adapt and develop appropriate new provisions aimed to ensure the right of access to public government information in order to reach the goals of open government. This project will contribute to the proper maintenance, storage and preservation of e-mail records issued by public servants, either in a private, public or community cloud, in order to promote access to information.

Title: Encouraging records creating agencies to use and trust digital archiving services for records in their custody (AA06)

Lead Researcher: Gillian Oliver

Timeline: Begin May 2015

Abstract: When senior staff of Queensland State Archives (QSA) talked to Departmental CEOs last year about the issue of digital archiving, the thing that got them most interested in the issue was when it was pointed out that only 2% of public records come into QSA custody. Departmental CEOs are legally responsible for ensuring the continuity of the other 98% of digital public records, many of which need to be kept for extended periods of time – anything up to 120 years. QSA offered to help them solve their problem by working with third party service providers to deliver digital archiving services to the whole of the Queensland Government. QSA was instructed to implement a whole of government solution for digital archiving, starting with a solution for the permanent value digital records that come into our custody and then using that model to enable the provision of similar service solutions to the rest of government for the remaining 98% of digital public records. This project will survey a range of public sector agencies in different jurisdictions to ascertain their willingness to use and trust the service offerings of third party digital preservation-as-a-service providers. Some market soundings and/or cost assumptions will have to be made in order to ensure that the survey questions are based on accurate cost and operating model assumptions. The survey will also need to ask what factors might encourage or inhibit the agencies’ level of willingness to make use of these services.

Title: Ensuring authenticity and reliability of electronic records to support the audit process (AF06)

Lead Researcher: Mpho Ngoepe

Timeline: November 2015-February 2017

Abstract: The significant role of proper records management in the audit process in both the public and private sectors cannot be over-emphasized. Authentic and reliable electronic records enable organisations to defend their actions, improve decision-making, prove ownership of physical and intellectual assets, and support all business processes; it promotes overseeing service delivery, compliance with legislative framework and standards and facilitates a seamless and effortless audit process. From the auditing perspective, especially in South Africa, many records managers have lamented of auditors who not always accept digital records as evidence to support the audit queries. In terms of the consolidated general reports of AGSA (2015) the majority of governmental bodies presented inaccurate and unreliable records as evidence for the auditing process. This project will first address the following questions: • What criteria do auditors use to judge whether the electronic records are authentic and reliable to support audit process? • How knowledgeable are auditors in terms of judging the authenticity and reliability of electronic records to support audit process? Then on the basis of the data resulting from the above questions, the following questions will be asked: • What should records creators do in terms of record-making and recordkeeping? • Would records creator be able to use online environment for creation and storage? • How can procedures be improved to guide the maintenance of authentic electronic records (all records are generated authentic with respect to the creator, but they get corrupted afterwards) for audit process either in-house or in an online networked environment?

Title: Enterprise business records management in the cloud (AS05)

Lead Researcher: Fu Hua

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract:

Title: Evaluating Metadata Description Schemas of the Cultural Heritage Organizations in Electronic Environments for Interoperability (EU07)

Lead Researcher: Özgür Külcü, Haceteppe University

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This study will investigate the systems and models being used by cultural organizations in Turkey for describing cultural heritage resources online. The research will focus on issues of best practices for managing, mapping, integrating and publishing of information resources online, current issues and probable solutions of digital content management and metadata systems of cultural heritage resources in Turkey metadata tags, standards, and practices, describing the condition for interoperability maximizing the effective use of the resources, national and international systems and platforms by creating new opportunities for interoperability, and developing digital content management, and metadata mapping policies.

Title: IFRCjobs Case Study - A SaaS Recruiting Tool (TR02)

Lead Researcher: Grant Mitchell

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: he International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in January 2014 launched a new electronic recruiting tool called IFRCjobs,a SaaS (software as a service). IFRCjobs is a database containing applicants’ personal data, a workflow tool for posting job openings, reviewing applications, and selecting individuals for particular jobs, and an electronic recordkeeping system that replaces previously paper-based recruitment files. The research will take questions being examined by a number of existing InterPARES Trust projects and apply them to the IFRCjobs SaaS application. The “practical” answers obtained, grounded in the IFRC’s day-to-day use of IFRCjobs, will be compared with the findings and recommendations of the other projects. An analysis of the gaps and convergences between the reality of IFRCjobs and these findings and recommendations should provide a measure of the work that may be required to bring an active SaaS application such as IFRCjobs up to “standards of practice” for recordkeeping and data management in the cloud.

Title: Implementing long-term digital accessibility of information: using BIM for maintenance of large infrastructure projects in Sweden (EU33)

Lead Researcher: Erica Hellmer

Timeline: February 2016-October 2016

Abstract: In the context of construction and infrastructure this project focuses on the importance of requiring reliable, relevant, and sufficient information for infrastructure maintenance management systems in a long term-perspective. One of the modern ways to coordinate design and planning when constructing buildings, roads, bridges or tunnels is to use Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is effectively used in planning, designing and organizing constructions, and usage of the model shows that it reduces costs and time and improves communication between e.g. project managers, construction workers and suppliers. BIM is a method and process to coordinate and visualize information that is created and used in a building process using 3D-based visualizations. The aim of this project is to investigate accessibility and usability of digitally created information by investigating how BIM-generated information is captured and used in the long term-perspective to meet maintenance needs of transport infrastructure in Sweden. The current project is a preliminary investigation to a larger research project, focusing on management of information generated from BIM-processes in the Swedish Transport Administration. This project focuses on the importance of information management in every phase of a BIMprocess in order to gain benefits that are not only tied to the construction phase but also to the long time-perspective of the maintenance phase. The research aimed to answer the following questions: • How can the benefits of a BIM-process be gained and stay useful in a long termperspective? • What information is needed in order to elucidate the whole BIM-process in a maintenance perspective?

Title: Long-Term Preservation of Digital Print Masters in Croatia (EU24)

Lead Researcher: Digital Information Documentation Office of the Government of the Republic of Croatia; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Croatia; National and University Library in Zagreb, Croatia; University Computing Centre, Croatia

Timeline: November 2015-August 2016

Abstract: According to the provisions of the Croatian Library Law (1997) publishers are obliged to submit digital publications to deposit institutions as part of the national legal deposit system. Non-print legal deposit covers electronic publications (offline), online publications and web content, leaving out the deposit of digital print masters. Thus data on the repositories of digital print masters as well as information on their infrastructure, quality and quantity of metadata, format and preservation method are currently not available. Gaining insight into print masters repositories and the related preservation policies (provided that there are any) would be the basis for a partnership necessary for the management of this type of digital content and the development and implementation of the national policy and standards aimed at its archiving and preservation. The proposed research will look into various possibilities for making the deposit of digital print masters a part of the standard legal deposit system or a system where national publishers would deliver their digital print masters on an entirely voluntary basis. It will also address the issue of ensuring permanent access to all forms of the national digital publishing output. The final objective is the establishment of a reliable digital repository that would be managed by the National and University Library in Zagreb. Apart from a long-term preservation of digital print masters created by national publishers, the repository would enable the use of archived masters, the conditions of which would be defined in agreement with national publishers. This reliable repository would also prevent, otherwise necessary, digitisation of the archived masters’ print versions and offer easier access.

Title: Metadata, Mutatis Mutandis – Design Requirements for Authenticity in the Cloud and Across Contexts (NA16)

Lead Researcher: Joe Tennis, University of Washington

Timeline: Beginning October 2013

Abstract: Building off of InterPARES 2 and 3 model, description, and metadata work, the researchers will look at case studies of records in systems with suspect or unclear controls. This will enable the development of analytical tools to compare to extant models of systems. The researchers will also cooperate with the new modeling initiative in IPT and from this generate ideal design requirements for the assessment of records’ authenticity.

Title: Model for a trusting hybrid records management of the statement of offence at the City of Quebec (NA21)

Lead Researcher: Marie Demoulin

Timeline: October 2014-October 2016

Abstract: This study parallels EU16 and investigates how Quebec City generates and manages legally valid electronic and paper-based statements of offence. It will propose models for consistent filing plans and metadata schemes in order to facilitate the description and classification of hybrid records and a process for the statements of offence, and appraisal and disposal of the statement of offence in an integrated approach. Recommendations will be given to facilitate the digital curation of statements of offence, ensure and preserve their authenticity and integrity, and determine a preservation strategy.

Title: Model for Trustworthy Records Management of the Statement of Offence: The Case of the Belgian FPS of Employment (EU16)

Lead Researcher: Sébastien Soyez

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This study investigates how the Belgian Ministry of Employment generates and manages legally valid electronic and paper-based statements of offence. It will propose models for consistent filing plans and metadata schemes in order to facilitate the description and classification of hybrid records and a process for the statements of offence, and appraisal and disposal of the statement of offence in an integrated approach. Recommendations will be given to facilitate the digital curation of statements of offence, ensure and preserve their authenticity and integrity, and determine a preservation strategy.

Title: Models for Monitoring and Auditing of Compliance in the Flow from Registration to Archive in e-Register (EU05)

Lead Researcher: Hvroje Stancic, Department of Information and Communication Sciences, University of Zagreb

Timeline: Approximately 8 months from initiation of project

Abstract: A strong European political ambition is to implement eGovernment services with the aim to promote cross-border business development. Open, interoperable and public e-registries play an important role in this context. Therefore, it is urgent to establish harmonized models, processes and metrics for monitoring and auditing of compliance in the flow from registration to archive in e-register. The following overall research question will be addressed: What are the essential components of a cross-border model for testing and auditing of compliance in recordkeeping which supports and meets national and EU legislative and regulatory requirements? In addition, the project will investigate issues in European countries such as, who has the authority to monitor? Could a common strategy for monitoring and auditing digital recordkeeping be developed? What is the role of professional archivists in monitoring?

Title: Monitoring the Information Management Function in Hospitals in Portugal (EU26)

Lead Researcher: Gabriel David

Timeline: November 2015-November 2017

Abstract: This project focuses on the identification of relevant indicators to characterize the information management (IM) function in a hospital. The study will be conducted in the context of the information management service of a Portuguese large-scale hospital (1100 beds). It includes a literature review of the information management function in health care organizations and the identification of the indicators relevant to develop a monitoring model that supports the work of information managers and archivists in those organizations. It will study the issue of monitoring the production and reuse of medical records in healthcare context. The main objective is to develop a monitoring model that supports the decision making process in IM, addressing current information management challenges faced by most healthcare organizations using paper and electronic based healthcare records.

Title: Open Data and Open Government in Latin America (LA05)

Lead Researcher: Gabriela Andaur and Alicia Barnard

Timeline: June 2015 - June 2017

Abstract: Transparency, accountability, citizen participation, technology and innovation are all concepts related with open data and open government and are tightly bounded to records management and issues such as trust, authenticity, reliability, accuracy and preservation. On this basis, in Latin America the access of information and transparency regulations have been the trigger to develop open government and open data strategies; even though there are several updated regulations on digital records it is not known if such regulations are being incorporated or taken into account in the open data and open access strategies or if it is necessary to review them. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the strategies and objectives of open government and open data in selected countries of Latin America in order to compare the state of the art and its relation with records management regulations and practice in said countries.

Title: Personal Cloud: Regulation and Trust (EU22)

Lead Researcher: Zhanna Rozhneva

Timeline: September 2015-May 2017

Abstract: Use of cloud technology for personal data storage is becoming commonplace, including in Russia both in corporate and in private sectors. This use by business, state bodies and individuals is far ahead of the development of law in this field. This raises a serious issue of regulation of “clouds” and users' trust in this technology. The problem of “cloud” regulation and users' trust to services that use this technology seems to have at least two aspects. The first one is creating the set of laws and requirements in this field, the second aspect is developing users' opportunities to control personal information in “cloud”. It is the second aspect that is the main focus of this project. Global Cloud Computing Scorecard by Business Software Alliance (BSA), placed Russia 16th out of 24 “in the rankings based on improvements in intellectual property protections” . According to experts from BSA, current Russian information crime law is in great need of improvement. The primary aim of our research is to identify existing models of trust that are mirrored in local normative acts of providers and in federal regulations and requirements; provide a model of users' trust; and compare these two models from various points of view.

Title: Policies for government records produced and maintained by IFAI (LA02)

Lead Researcher: Alicia Barnard

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract: The objective of this study is to develop guidelines for producing, maintaining and preserving authentic, reliable and accessible records of both INFOMEX and POT systems for as long as they are needed. These systems for government records produced and maintained through the Access of Information Requests System (INFOMEX), and the Transparency Portal System (POT) are both built and managed by the Federal Institute for Access to Public Information and Personal Data Protection (IFAI - Mexico) and shared by agencies and other government organizations.

Title: Preservation as a Service for Trust (PaaST) (NA12)

Lead Researcher: Ken Thibodeau, NIST

Timeline: Beginning March 2014

Abstract: (Formerly called Modeling the Chain of Preservation of Records Entrusted to the Internet) The main objective of this project will be to elaborate one or two models that will provide insight and guidance to both those who entrust records to the Internet and those who provide Internet services for the records. The project will address relevant requirements, insights and concerns developed in other ITrust project to enrich and strengthen its models.

Title: Preserving and managing records’ life-cycle in a multi-provenance government digital environment (LA01)

Lead Researcher: Claudia Roche Lacombe

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: In the past several years, e-gov initiatives has been encouraging the registration of government activities in the digital environment and the creation of digital records has increased considerably. In this context, the Brazilian government developed a number of “structuring government electronic systems” to support and register administrative activities (such as personnel, contracts, business trips etc) that are common to all agencies. Each of these systems is accessed by government agencies via the internet and the records are kept in a centralized database which is maintained under the responsibility of a government IT company. Thus, the records of government agencies are kept in a single database and the archives of these agencies have no control over their records life-cycle. Compounding this issue are difficulties involving the preservation of records created and maintained in database environment. This study seeks to devise a management and preservation plan for these records/systems.

Title: Regulations for Federal Public Administration (FPA) Cloud Data Storage (LA03)

Lead Researcher: Martha Alicia Avila

Timeline: Cancelled

Abstract: Goal: To design and present a consulting and analysis tool on the existing regulation in Mexico and other Latin American countries on the use of the cloud for storing data of FPA and, through a comparative study with the regulatory framework of several countries, to determine areas of opportunity that might be developed to strengthen legality in its use. Cancelled due to move of lead researcher.

Title: Research of Retention and Disposition Processes in an Internet Website of the Government of Israel: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Case Study (EU01)

Lead Researcher: Silvia Schenkolewski-Kroll, Bar Ilan University and Assaf Tractinsky, Israel State Archives

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This project examines the process of archival retention and disposition of a government website – the Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the services of which are expected to be open, suited to meet the needs of the government unit, under supervision in relation to procedures and technology, and legally protected. The objective is to create a system of methodologies and procedures for retention and disposition of records preserved on the website in the government cloud, in accordance with the regulations and guidelines included in the Israel Archives Law.

Title: Responsibility Chain of Records Management and Preservation in Cloud for Local Governments in China (AS04)

Lead Researcher: Yuenan (Linda) Liu

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract: The application of the Internet has made not only the process and relationship between server and client from offline to online, but also the structure of service more complicated and the content of service more diverse. With the increasing prevalence of the cooperation and integration of the Internet service, the team of service providers is getting bigger than that in conventional digital environment, which has extended the trust chain. In other words, the factors that could lead to distrust have increased at the same time. The role of records tends to be ignored while other factors such as security technology, the third party certification, regulations and law are likely to be emphasized and magnified. This project is designed to be carried out from the perspective of information (records), aiming to find the role of records management in the process of establishing and maintaining the Internet trust chain.

Title: Retention and Disposition in a Cloud Environment (NA06)

Lead Researcher: Patricia Franks, San Jose State University

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This study will result in requirements for service providers and systems that store records in the cloud that, if present, would engender trust in the client organization; that the records will be retained and disposed of in accordance with the same requirements that govern the retention and disposition of records stored within the organization. The fundamental question we must ask is, "How does the use of cloud services affect our ability to retain and dispose of records in accordance with the law and other applicable guidelines?" Once that has been answered, we can determine what can be done to mitigate any risks arising from the gaps between our ability to apply retention and disposition actions to manage records residing within the enterprise and those residing in the cloud.

Title: The TRUSTER Preservation Model (EU31)

Lead Researcher: Hrvoje Stancic

Timeline: February 2016-December 2016

Abstract: There are situations when an organization is keeping digitally signed records and is not conducting any preservation actions and at the time of their deposit to the archive the digital signatures have already expired. In that case the archival ingest service might determine the digital signatures as non-valid and might either store the information about non-validity in the records' metadata or reject the records during ingest. This poses a problem if the law requires the records to be preserved and the archive rejects them due to the non-validity of the digital signatures. The partners in this research have identified at least three situations (two e-Government scenarios and one e-Health scenario) of soon expiring or already expired digitally signed records which are not ingested into digital archives but will need to be ingested. Those situations will be analysed in the three planned case studies and the model for preservation of trustworthiness of the digitally signed, timestamped and/or sealed digital records will be proposed. Using this model institutions will be able to prolong the validity of digitally signed records either until their ingest into a digital archive for long‐term archiving or during the long‐term records management, thus rendering them authentic and reliable for a longer period of time. The team will investigate the applicability of the "time:beat" concept9, which can take well known, consensus-based real world events and secure those in time mathematically within the "linked scheme" of records, for prolonging the validity of timestamps. The proof for a "linked scheme" is not contained in a single system but truly "in the cloud” and can be verified by widespread and large groups of people. The team will, in effect, investigate if the "time:beat" concept could facilitate the technologically supported archival bond which could be maintained even over very long time periods.

Title: User Perceptions of Born-Digital Authenticity (EU28)

Lead Researcher: Jenny Bunn

Timeline: November 2015-November 2016

Abstract: Records are increasingly being born-digital and, in the future, large proportions of those records deemed to be archival, in the sense of having long-term cultural or historical significance, will be of this type. This research seeks to explore what this change might mean for the way in which individuals experience, understand and judge such material to be authentic and ‘the real thing’ when viewed in a cultural heritage context. It investigates perceptions of authenticity in the context of historical or cultural significance rather than current business or accountability. The project will present individuals with born digital materials which have already been differentiated through their inclusion in digital ‘archives’ of one sort or another in order to gauge how those materials are regarded, particularly in respect of their being authentic and ‘the real thing’.

Title: User Perspectives of Trust (AA02)

Lead Researcher: Gillian Oliver

Timeline: Start May 2014

Abstract: Discussion with industry stakeholders involved in government cloud initiatives has identified user perspectives of the trustworthiness of digital information as being of key concern. Consciousness of the increasing blurring of lines between public and private data sources raises questions about how citizens respond to digital information of unclear provenance. There is currently much uncertainty about the archiving of government digital records in New Zealand1 and alternatives to single repository models are likely to be explored. Consideration of the feasibility of distributed custody models for digital records highlights the relevance and topicality of this proposal. Australian state and federal archival authorities will be closely watching developments in the New Zealand government sector. This project will investigate user responses to online information, with a view to exploring the extent to which the source of the data influences trust.

Title: Using Web Analytics in Appraisal of Records on the Foreign Ministry of Israel Website (EU25)

Lead Researcher: Silvia Shenkolewski-Kroll, Assaf Tractinsky

Timeline: November 2015-October 2016

Abstract: This project continues the research of EU01: Research of Retention and Disposition Processes in an Internet Website of the Government of Israel: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Case Study. The conclusion, among others, from that study was that with regard to the records found on the website, there are no retention periods set by the Archives Law, nor by the internal procedures of the ministry. In addition, adjusting the retention periods used by the various ministry units cannot meet the needs, in some cases, of the types of records appearing on the site; because the nature of those records is more similar to that of publications, as opposed to the operational nature of the ministry records. Therefore, it seems that it is only possible to use the appraisal that was conducted for those department records (see the final report) with regard to the MASHAV sub-site and the division of the consular department. The current study will research the use of web analytics as a tool for appraisal of website records.

Title: Contract Terms for Cloud-Based Record Keeping Services (NA10)

Lead Researcher: Yvette Hackett, Consultant

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The proposed study is intended to contribute to understanding the degree to which service provider contracts can be trusted to mitigate known record keeping risks. Through this understanding new or revised "boiler-plate" contract terms may be developed as a ITrust product.

Title: Dark Repositories as a Service (AA03)

Lead Researcher: Gillian Oliver

Timeline: Begin May 2015

Abstract: Most institutional repositories of digital preservation masters (or AIPs) are network accessible – albeit with various security safeguards such as firewalls, etc. As long-term storage requirements preclude the option of storing master records in encrypted form because of the problems associated with long-term key management, this leaves the records vulnerable to hacking by unauthorised external parties. Even the most secure repository can be hacked by determined groups or individuals if there is some kind of network connection. The only way of truly protecting your institutional repository from external cyber attack is to have a fully ‘dark’ or offline digital repository with ‘air gaps’ between the external network and the master repository. One archival institution that has done this is the National Archives of Australia (NAA). However, this approach comes at a real cost in terms of operating efficiency. This project would survey current experiences and policies of memory institutions internationally with regard to the network-accessibility of their master digital repositories and whether or not a ‘dark’ repository approach has ever been considered or trialled and the results of those considerations/experiences and the appetite for considering such approaches in future. It would also need to survey third party service providers in the digital preservation as-a-service sector to establish their willingness/capacity to offer ‘dark’ repository services.

Title: Economic Models for Cloud Storage Decision-Making (EU20)

Lead Researcher: Julie McLeod

Timeline: August 2015-January 2016

Abstract: ITrust project EU18 (Economic models for storage of records in the cloud (StaaS) – A critical review of the literature) identified a body of work (14 key articles) published since 2010 on modelling the cost of storage in the cloud. Four different economic or financial/management accounting theories (with some ‘variations on a theme’) underpin the models presented in the work. The literature review also revealed very few (published) case examples of the adoption of economic models in practice. The aim of the current project is to explore the use or otherwise of economic models by ARM professionals in practice to estimate/predict the medium to longer term cost implications of adopting the cloud for StaaS and what issues of trust arise in making an appropriate economic decision and/or business case.

Title: Ensuring Trust in Storage in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) (EU08)

Lead Researcher: Hvroje Stancic, Department of Information and Communication Sciences, University of Zagreb

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The research will result with the study of policies related to the cloud storage, specifically in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). The objective is to investigate national and international policies, standards and regulatory environments that influence (trust in) the storage in IaaS type of cloud. In the second phase, it is planned to establish a cloud IaaS solution in the Croatian InterPARES partner institution Croatian Financial Agency (FINA) using five different servers providing storage and one separate server as a provider of the service.

Title: Enterprise digital records management in Botswana (AF04)

Lead Researcher: Prof. Trywell Kalusopa, University of Botswana

Timeline: November 2015-April 2017

Abstract: Taking into account other studies in the ESARBICA region, this project proposal will seek to investigate: a) The main challenges in ensuring trustworthiness of digital records in the implementation ECM within public sector in Botswana including the legal and regulatory context as well as the technological framework. b) The technological environments within which records are being generated. This includes a. Determining whether ECM applications are used and if yes, the modules that have been implemented. b. Explore what tools, policies and procedures would support trustworthy digital records that would support access across different applications the public sector has procured over time. c. Determining whether the ECM applications being utilised are open source or proprietary. This will include investigating the integration between ECM applications and other business systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning system. d. Determining whether the ECM applications have been implemented in a cloud environment to enhance open government and open data in the public sector.

Title: Enterprise digital records management in Kenya (AF05)

Lead Researcher: Dr. Irene Moseti-Morara, Moi University

Timeline: November 2015-April 2017

Abstract: Considering the extensive studies in Kenya, information similar to what has been discussed in South Africa is lacking. This proposal is to investigate: a) The main challenges in ensuring trustworthiness of digital records in the implementation ECM within public sector in Botswana including the legal and regulatory context as well as the technological framework. b) The technological environments within which records are being generated. This includes a. Determining whether ECM applications are used and if yes, the modules that have been implemented. b. Explore what tools, policies and procedures would support trustworthy digital records that would support access across different applications the public sector has procured over time. c. Determining whether the ECM applications being utilised are open source or proprietary. This will include investigating the integration between ECM applications and other business systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning system. d. Determining whether the ECM applications have been implemented in a cloud environment to enhance open government and open data in the public sector.

Title: Enterprise digital records management in Zimbabwe (AF03)

Lead Researcher: Mrs. Forget Chaterera, National University of Science and Technology

Timeline: November 2015-April 2017

Abstract: There is a perceived serious lack of studies that have addressed the management of digital records in Zimbabwe’s public sector. In this regard, this proposal is to investigate a) The main challenges in managing digital records within public institutions in Zimbabwe including the legal and regulatory context as well as the technological framework in the country’s public sector institutions. b) The technological environments within which records are being generated

Title: International Reporting Program Creative Commons Content Archive-CANCELLED (NA19)

Lead Researcher: Peter Klein, School of Journalism, University of British Columbia

Timeline: Cancelled

Abstract: This research will focus on the necessary steps to building a new, accurate Creative Commons archive that is useful to journalists and members of the public accessing content relevant to important, underreported global issues. Central questions to be addressed will be the limitations and liabilities for distribution of content. A key component of the work will be the creation of a public interface that requires the user to acknowledge use under Creative Commons licensing and clearly articulates the restrictions of the license. The methodology will focus on developing the structure of the archive and its metadata fields, assessing technical requirements & abilities, and figuring out the technical aspects of transferring the content for use in multiple formats: low resolution, web streaming and full resolution.

Title: ITrust and Benefits Realization Management (EU14)

Lead Researcher: Tero Päivärenta and Gören Samuelsson

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: Creating long-term and sustained trust in digital information requires not only technical and legal requirements, but also a clear vision for economic sustainability and a focus on communicating the benefits of the preserved information among all stakeholders. This study will research how models of Benefits Realization Management can be applied for realizing benefits from public investments in digital preservation services. The explicit aim is to propose methods for organizations and businesses to enhance their ability to create trustful information through the systematic use of benefit realization methodologies and tools.

Title: Managing records in networked environments – South Africa (AF02)

Lead Researcher: Mpho Ngoepe & Shadrack Katuu

Timeline: February 2016-August 2017

Abstract: The aim of this project is to assess the recordkeeping environment in South from a legal and regulatory perspective.

Title: Preservation of Electronic Data in Archives (AS12)

Lead Researcher: Fang Yun

Timeline: February 2016-December 2017

Abstract: There is one elevator company (short for A as follows) which maintains many elevators for its customers. A large number of paper records are produced during daily elevator maintaining. As time goes on, How to store manage use and supervise so many paper records becomes an emergency issue to A company as well as the administration Authority. On the side of the A company, to store digital records and manage it with its internal management system seems to be a solution. However, on the side of the customers and the administration authority, the digital records are controlled by A company, its reliability are highly concerned. As a solution to the issue above, Tianjin Municipal Archives provides a service to ensure the digital record are non-tampered by its professional experience on the digital records receiving managing and using for A company . By applying its advanced audit tracing system and data store security measures, the security coefficient and reliability of the digital records are well promoted.

Title: Sensors in the Cloud-CANCELLED (NA07)

Lead Researcher: Victoria Lemieux, University of British Columbia

Timeline: Cancelled

Abstract: This research will focus on mobile sensors and actuators connected to the cloud. For the first proposal, we intend to look at digital data provenance (Buneman, 2000) issues specific to mobile sensors to develop and carry out a risk assessment related to issues of interest to the InterPARES Trust project as they arise in a specific application of mobile sensing that is being developed at MAGIC (Media and Graphics Interdisciplinary Centre). Questions include: What are potential data provenance issues when dealing with mobile sensors? What are the ways we can ameliorate potential risks associated with mobile sensors to make them more trustworthy?

Title: Trusted Certification Based on Long-Term Preservation of Digital Archival Resources (AS03)

Lead Researcher: Qian Yi

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract: Long-term preservation of digital archive resources will be the core function of digital archive system. In order to ensure that the collection resources can be fully trusted for decades or even centuries, we should take full advantage of technologies and management means to build a certification strategy, which can help us identify digital archive resources’ authenticity, integrity and reliability. The research object of this project will be the trusted certification strategies that large archives institutions adopt in the long-term preservation of digital archive resources.

Title: Developing Model Cloud Computing Contracts (NA14)

Lead Researcher: Marie Demoulin, University of Montreal

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: The main objective of this project will be to develop boilerplate provisions for Cloud Computing model contracts (for common law and civil law use) that will provide insight and guidance to fair and balanced contracts for those who entrust records to the Internet and those who provide Internet services for records. Traditional contractual terms may be inadequate for the provision of Cloud Services for electronic records given their nature and their vulnerability to intentional, inadvertent and unsuspected changes. The model contractual boilerplate provisions will address such issues as technological change; inter- jurisdictional and government regulation; accessibility to meet court process such as litigation holds and discovery requirements; ownership, control and access to data stored in the Cloud; protection of confidentiality and privacy; agreed remedies in the event of breach of contract; privity of contract and subcontracting, to identify just a few of the contentious areas.

Title: Identifying Privacy Concerns and Attendant Issues in Cloud Computing (NA15)

Lead Researcher: Anthony Sheppard, Faculty of Law, UBC

Timeline: Draft discussion paper developed by May 2015

Abstract: The main objective of this project will be to analyze the issue of balancing privacy concerns with access and data security concerns in use of the cloud, according to common law and civil law approaches from a North American perspective, so as to provide insight and guidance concerning the motivation and concerns of those who entrust records to the cloud and those who provide cloud services. Beginning with a review and analysis of Canadian and American case law having to do with issues of privacy, data security and admissibility, this project will involve assembling a research bibliography and the drafting a discussion paper analyzing the issue of privacy protection and the position of reputational rights associated with personal identity when data is stored in the cloud.

Title: Legal Issues in Recordkeeping in the Cloud (NA25)

Lead Researcher: Stuart Rennie

Timeline: October 2016-September 2017

Abstract: InterPARES Trust studies are returning findings, and it is clear that a number of legal issues are arising including, but are not limited to: privacy, liability, data loss, data disclosure, illegal data storage, jurisdiction, third party access, discoverability, ownership, data flow/dissemination, contract issues, breach notification, evidence/admissibility, regulatory compliance (retention, tax law, etc etc), and data localization laws. To successfully achieve the aims of InterPARES Trust, a comprehensive legal framework, integrating the research findings of the other projects, must be generated. This study asks: What legal issues recur in InterPARES Trust research regarding recordkeeping and records management in the cloud? How can these issues be understood in terms of an overarching legal framework? Objectives: 1. To generate a review of legal issues arising in InterPARES Trust research projects, 2. To generate an annotated bibliography of sources relevant to the legal issues identified in InterPARES Trust in the jurisdictions of that research, including but not necessarily limited to Canada, the United States, and the European Union, 3. To generate a literature review concerning current scholarly and practical perspectives on the identified legal issues, and 4. To generate a guide concerning the legal issues relevant to recordkeeping and records management in the cloud for records managers and other records professionals.

Title: Policies, legislation, regulations, and standards for RM in the cloud (AS06)

Lead Researcher: YingFang Cai

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract:

Title: The impact of Italian legal framework for cloud computing on electronic recordkeeping and digital preservation systems (EU35)

Lead Researcher: Maria Guercio

Timeline: Eighteen months from September 2016

Abstract: This study will assess the Italian rules on cloud computing both with reference to the national legal framework on electronic recordkeeping and digital preservation systems and to the national and international standards and guidelines, including the directives and the guidelines proposed by iTrust project. The researchers will analyse the recent Italian legislation and policies for the use of cloud computing services and assess their peculiarities against the crucial requirements identified at national and international levels for qualified recordkeeping and digital preservation systems.

Title: Assessment of Privacy-Preserving and Security Techniques for Records Management in Cloud Computing (NA18)

Lead Researcher: Eun Park

Timeline: Start May 2014

Abstract:

Title: Inviolable Distributed Global Archives for Transnationals (TR07)

Lead Researcher: Fred Cohen

Timeline: October 2015-October 2017

Abstract: Transnationals moving toward cloud-based implementations and outsourced services face many challenges associated with the lack of facilitation and understanding regarding inviolability as well as challenges related to providing surety in an environment where governments are increasing surveillance, limiting the use of encryption, and there is less certainty of inviolability in the cyber-arena. The objective of this effort will be to build a globally distributed archive that supports inviolability even when some governments may violate the principal, create it to be suited to the specific and unique needs of transnational organizations, and implement and deploy it across at least 3 continents.

Title: Security Classification of Records in the Cloud in International Organizations (TR03)

Lead Researcher: Ineke Deserno

Timeline: Start February 2014

Abstract: Securing sensitive information is a challenging prospect for any organization. For international organizations with extremely diverse mission and corresponding information types, the challenge is particularly demanding. These institutions have an obligation to protect the sensitive information that has been entrusted to them from unauthorized access and use, while using this information in fulfilling their mandates. For this reason sensitive information often has security classification to manage the processes of access as well as use. Security classification is often at several levels ranging from two to five levels. However, the most common levels are either three or four. Records professionals in international organizations are mandated to provide a framework for the creation and management of authentic, reliable and usable records, capable of supporting the institution’s business functions and activities for as long as they are required. This project will: a) Develop a literature review with sources that address the handling of records with security classification with an emphasis on the records profession but with contributions from other disciplines such as law, information security and information policy. b) Develop best practice guidelines for the handling of records with security classification. This should include policy statements as well as handling instructions particularly for digital records within a cloud environment. It should also include workflow processes for reclassification and/or declassification.

Title: Sharing cyber-threats and events in cloud-based archives (NA23)

Lead Researcher: Fred Cohen

Timeline: September 2015-March 2016

Abstract: Risks associated with archives moving to cloud-based approaches for born-digital and digitized records are currently difficult to quantify because of a lack of data on events and their consequences and the relative novelty of this approach for archives. While studies of things like disaster recovery are very common and loss of confidentiality is commonly discussed, studies involving potential loss of integrity, availability, use control, accountability, transparency, and custody are almost never found, and these are fundamental to the successful creation, management, access, disposition, preservation, and output of archival content. This project will use anonymized data regarding public archives from around the world who volunteer to participate. After an initial interview process we will produce a global database of incidents associated with archives and aspects of those incidents. Anonymous incident reporting will be supported over time to allow tracking of shared information on such incidents and trend analysis of incidents worldwide. This process and service will be provided through the Archives and Records Management Information Sharing and Analysis Organization (ARM-ISAO) at Webster University.

Title: Standard of Practice for Trust in Protection of Authoritative Records in Government Archives (NA03)

Lead Researcher: Fred Cohen

Timeline: Complete

Abstract: This project will create a standard of practice for risk management in authoritative archives. The objective of this research is to build a global consensus around how government archives can manage specific sorts of risk in such permanent repositories, and to propose a certification for repositories retaining reliable records suitable for legal purposes. The project will start with an existing standard of practice for enterprise information protection and create customized open source versions specifically applicable to identified areas of actual practice.

Title: The Use of Cloud Services for Records Management in International Organizations (TR01)

Lead Researcher: Jens Boel

Timeline: Start October 2013

Abstract: